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Current jobseekers were more likely to be underweight (Odds ratio (OR): 4.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.12-7.73) and less likely to be overweight (OR: 0.71, CI: 0.55, 0.92) adjusted for gender, age, education, health, smoking and physical activity, while unemployed non-smokers had increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.52, CI: 1.06-2.18).

Moderating impacts of unemployment duration, demographic factors and smoking were explored. We used multinomial models to simultaneously investigate associations of unemployment with BMI-defined underweight, overweight, and obesity in 10,737 working-age UK adults from Understanding Society (UKHLS) in 2010-12. We investigated whether there is a previously overlooked U-shaped association of unemployment and BMI, which could help explain jobseekers' elevated morbidity and mortality, and identify groups vulnerable to underweight and obesity during unemployment. If unemployment is associated with both underweight and obesity for different subgroups, these associations may previously have masked each other, whilst affecting health through divergent pathways. However, both underweight and obesity are associated with mortality, and both weight loss and weight gain associated with a stressful environment. Unemployment, underweight, and obesity: Findings from Understanding Society (UKHLS).Įlevated morbidity and mortality among jobseekers may be partly explained by adiposity, but previous studies of unemployment and body mass index (BMI), which have usually modelled associations as linear, have produced inconsistent results. heavy) and extremity of the size (moderate vs. Three studies manipulated the size (thin vs. Previous research has mainly examined the influences of variations of the comparison standard on selfâ€evaluative outcomes, whereas we examine how the relative position of the self on the comparison dimension may moderate these effects. TextabstractThis study examines how advertisements containing thin or heavy models influence the selfâ€esteem of overweight, normal, and underweight consumers. Previous research has mainly examined the influences of variations of the comparison standard on selfâ€evaluative outcomes, whereas we examine

The Effects of Thin and Heavy Media Images on Overweight and Underweight Consumers: Social Comparison Processes and Behavioral Implicationsĭ.H.R.V.

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